Black Pepper

Introduction

Dark pepper(Piper nigrum L.), the lord of flavors, has a place with the family Piperaceae. It is acquired from the enduring climbing vine, Piper nigrum which is indigenous to the tropical timberlands of Western Ghats of South India. It is one of the critical and most punctual known flavors created and sent out from India. India represents 54% of the aggregate region under pepper on the planet however its offer of creation is just 26.6 %. 

It is a climbing evergreen plant and develops to a stature of 10 m or more. The vines branch on a level plane from the modes and don't accomplish length, however the completely developed vines totally cover the standard displaying the presence of hedge. The leaves are comprehensively lanceolate, yet wide varieties happen fit as a fiddle and are orchestrated on the other hand. The inflorescence is a catkin created at the hubs inverse to the upper clears out. Blooms are exact moment. Monoecious or dioecious or hermophrodite frames happen in various assortments. The natural product is a solitary seeded berry, which has a thin,soft pericarp surriounding the seed. It takes around a half year to develop in the wake of blooming. Some of the time, spike shedding jumps out at the degree of 14 to 65 % causing extensive misfortune. Showering of IAA 50 ppm or planofix 50 ppm and orzinc 0.5 % at the season of berry setting stage diminishes spike shedding.

Climate and soil Requirement

Pepper is a damp tropic plant, which requires satisfactory precipitation and mugginess. The hot and muggy atmosphere of submountanous tracts of Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats is perfect for its development. It develops effectively between 20o north and south scope and from ocean level upto 1500 meters above MSL. The temperature extends in the vicinity of 10o and 40oC. A very much dispersed yearly precipitation of 125-200 cm is viewed as perfect for pepper. 

Pepper can be developed in an extensive variety of soils, for example, mud topsoil, red topsoil, sandy soil and lateritic soils with a pH of 4.5 to 6.0, however in its regular living space, it flourishes best on virgin soil rich in natural issue.

Assortments 

Lion's share of the developed sorts of pepper are monoecious. More than 75 cultivars of pepper are being developed in India. Karimunda is the most well known of all the set up cultivars of pepper among the cultivators of Kerala. The other essential cultivars are Kottanadan, Narayakkodi, Aimpiriyan, Neelamundi, Kuthiravally, Balancotta, Kalluvally, Malligesara and Uddagare. 

Engendering 

Pepper is engendered by cuttings raised for the most part from the sprinter shoots. Cuttings from the sidelong branches are at times utilized, since notwithstanding diminishment in the quantity of fruiting shoots, the vines raised from them are by and large brief and shaggy in propensity. In any case, established parallel branches are helpful in bringing pepper up in pots. 

Sprinter shoots from high yielding and solid vines are kept curled on wooden pegs settled at the base of the vine to keep the shoots from interacting with soil and striking roots. The sprinter shoots are isolated from the vine in February-March and subsequent to trimming the leaves, cuttings of 2 to 3 hubs each are planted either in nursery beds or polythene sacks loaded with ripe soil. Cuttings from center 1/3 of the shoots are attractive as they are high yielding. Sufficient shade is to be given and flooded every now and again. The cuttings will strike pulls and wind up noticeably prepared for planting in May-June.